¹ In prehistoric oceans, marine organisms absorb phosphorus from seawater for their metabolic processes. When they die, their remains sink to the ocean floor and create phosphate rock (apatite).

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² The energy intensive Haber-Bosch process, which mimics the activity of a lightning strike, is an artificial nitrogen fixation process that converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) into ammonia (NH3). It requires high temperatures (approximately 400-500°C) and high pressures (approximately 200-300 atm), and supplies most of the worlds agricultural nitrates.

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‍³A pincer move is a military maneuver in which forces simultaneously attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy.

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⁴ Rigid retail standards of appearance and form applied to food products mean that any item that does not meet specifications is devalued or discarded.

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‍‍⁵ Glyphosate, marketed by Monsanto under the name Roundup is a broad-spectrum herbicide extensively used to kill weeds without killing crops that have been genetically modified to resist it. It holds 50% of the world's herbicide market share and has been implicated in liver disease, as an endocrine disruptor and carcinogen.

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⁶The term "alignment problem" originates from the field of artificial intelligence (AI). It refers to the challenge of ensuring that an AI system's objectives align with human values and intentions, preventing the system from taking harmful, unintended actions to achieve its programmed goals.